Archive for March, 2009

AIG bonuses – Someone got “angry” for no reason / Bonusy v AIG (Český text přiložen)

Monday, March 30th, 2009

A lot has been said about AIG bonuses. Some presidents were “angry”, some sentators called for suicides of those who have recieve the bonuses…
As usually, the truth is different than what the media and especially politicians who want to hide their incopetence say.

See the letter of the executive vice president of the American International Group’s financial products unit Jake DeSantis to the chief executive of A.I.G. Edward M. Liddy.

[business he was associated with] in most years generating net profits of well over $100 million.

But you [Chief executive of A.I.G.]also are aware that most of the employees of your financial products unit had nothing to do with the large losses. And I am disappointed and frustrated over your lack of support for us.

That is why I have decided to donate 100 percent of the effective after-tax proceeds of my retention payment directly to organizations that are helping people who are suffering from the global downturn.

Now who is the bad guy? Seems to me that the politicians in Washington rather than the “bankster”…

The artcile was recommended by LM.

Český text

Hodně se namluvilo o bonusech vedoucím pracovníkům amerického pojišťovnického gigantu AIG. Někteří prezidenti byli “rozzlobeni”, někteří senátoři volali po sebevraždě těch, jež bonusy obdrželi.
Jako obvykle, pravda je jiná, než ta prezentovaná médii a politiky.

Přečtěte si dopis executive vice prezidenta AIG sekce finančních produktů Jake DeSantises šéfovi AIG Edwardu M. Liddymu.

překlad úryvku:

[jeho sekce] ve většině let generovala čisté zisky přes 100 milionů dolarů.

Vy [ředitel] jste si také vědom, že většina zaměstnanců finanční sekce neměla nic společného se ztrátou AIG. Jsem zklamán a frustrován nedostatkem podpory z Vaší strany.

Proto jsem se rozhodl darovat 100% svého platu organizacím, jež pomájají lidem zasaženým globální krizí.

A kdo je teď ten špatný? Zdá se, že politici ve Washingtonu…

Článek mi doporučila LM

To bail out or not to bail out, that is the question. Why Lehman? / Pomoci či nepomoci, to je ta otázka. Proč Lehman? (Český text dole)

Saturday, March 28th, 2009

southpark I am enrolled in a policy oriented Economics program. It essentially means that in the future I should be one of the guys who are “trying to save” the system right now. That’s what I should become given my education. Well not so fast, frankly speaking I hate government interventionism, mistrust IMF and consider World Bank to be a waste of money… I am thus very comfortable criticizing every step our enlighten policy makers have taken so far.

I did consider Lehman’s bankruptcy a big victory of intellect and responsibility over interventionism. Banksters got what they deserved. Well maybe not what they deserved, they still had their huge bonuses they’ve pocketed in the good years, but at least unlike AIG people won’t see more bonuses for the 2008 (so much has been said about the financial unit of AIG and bonuses) and their Lehman stock is worthless. Most importantly willingness of the government to let big, traditional financial firm fail was signaled to the market. Great!

Unfortunately I did enjoy the feeling of a victory only for a brief moment as after Lehman’s collapse big bail out marathon started. It makes me wonder, why Lehman? Why did they help Bear Sterns before Lehman collapsed and why did they help everyone after Lehman collapsed?

When Dick Fuld, former CEO at Lehman was asked during the congressional hearing why he thought AIG was bailed out while Lehman no he began to answer: “I would have loved to be part of the group that got …” then he stopped and continued:” Until the day they put me in the ground, I will wonder”

I suppose the true explanation lies in the new South Park episode. See the picture to finally understand what determines policy decisions…


Český text

Studuji ekonomii s důrazem na hospodářskou politiku. V zásadě to znamená, že bych v budoucnu měl být jedním z lidí, kteří se dnes snaží zachránit systém. To bych měl být vzhledem ke svém vzdělání… Ne tak rychle přátelé, nenávidím vládni intervencionismus, nevěřím IMF a Světovou banku považuji za vyhozené peníze… Kritika vládních reakcí na krizi je pro mě proto rajskou hudbou…

Bankrot Lehman Brothers jsem považoval za velké vítězství intelektu a zodpovědnosti nad vládním intervencionismem. Banksteři dostali, co si zasloužili. Možná ne, co si zasloužili, ale alespoň na rozdíl od AIG zaměstnanců nedostanou další bonusy za rok 2008 a akci Lehman, které dostávali v rámci odměn se staly bezcennými.

Bohužel krátce po pádu Lehman Brothers začal maraton státní pomoci, pocit vítězství zdravého rozumu jsem si proto užil jen velmi krátce. A tak se divím, proč Lehman?
Proč před pádem Lehman pomohli Bear Sterns a po pádu Lehman každého, kdo si o to řekl?

Když se během slyšení v kongresu zeptali bývalého CEO Lehman Brothers Dicka Fulda stejnou otázku, jako jsem položil sobě, odpověděl: “ Chtěl bych být mezi lidmi, kteří dostali…“. Pak se zarazil a pokračoval:“Do dne, kdy mě zakopou do země se budu divit…“

Odpověď na otázku proč Lehman tak pravděpodobně leží v nové epizodě South Parku. Klikněte na obrázek a konečně pochopíte, co stojí za rozhodnutími vlád…

I’ve got an job offer (requires basic knowledge of german) / Moje pracovni nabidka

Friday, March 27th, 2009

obraz033Like most of my friends, I am desperately trying to get an internship for this summer. As you have probably realized (if not than welcome home from your six months trip to the jungle) the times are pretty bad and companies are cutting costs on internships and thus their supply.
Finally I did get an offer (See the picture), I guess my degree in Econ. was what made me a superior candidate…

Translation of the text:

Looking for you
as
Waitress

Damn it I was aiming higher than this…

Jako většina mých přátel sháním práci na léto. Jak všichni víme, časy jsou těžké (pokud si toho nejste vědomi, pak vítejte domů z půlročního pobytu v džungli) a firmy krátí výdaje na internshipy a tím jejich nabídku. Nakonec se mi podařilo skutečně něco najít (viz. obrázek), pravděpodobně můj titul v ekonomii rozhodl…

Po sedmnácti letech vzdělání jsem mířil výše…

Obchod na Korze (1965) / The Shop on the Main Street (1965)- First Czechoslovak Oscar movie (Cesky text prilozen)

Wednesday, March 25th, 2009

obchodnakorzeWhen it comes to culture, it’s always hard to claim that one piece is better than the other. Culture and the way we experience it is just way too subjective and for each person differs over time. We simply can not impose any strict measurements.
Still, when it comes to Obchod na korze (“Shop on the main street“) I was for a while thinking about calling it “The best Czechoslovak“movie of all times. It certainly is the first one to be awarded an Oscar.
I do not intend to describe the plot, but I want to give you “the taste”. The movie goes back to 1942 and takes place in the “young” fascist Slovakian State. It does paint the whole period very realistically and thus bitterly… The characters do either comply with the fascist regime, march through the streets in their black uniforms and “Sieg Heil” (Na Straz) at each other. Seeing the fanaticism makes you feel uneasy. I mean did people change in the last sixty years? I don’t think so… You don’t need to go all the way to Sudan and Rwanda for evidence, just look next door at former Yugoslavia…
Then there are those actively fighting the regime, by fighting I mean helping the Jewish community. I wish I could say there would be many people like that in the 21st century… There is only one man like that in the movie…
To the next category belongs Brtko (Jozef Kroner), the main character. He evidently hates the regime but he is too resigned or lazy or stupid or phlegmatic or combination of all to actually fight the regime.
And then there are of course the Jews, represented by old widow Lautmannova (Ida Kaminska) who develops friendship or maybe something more like a mother-son relationship with Tono Brtko (Jozef Kroner).
The tragedy of the movie and the time is obvious. Being fascist is a moral loss, moreover you are going to loose the war in three years and are likely to be executed… If you help the Jewish community you win morally, but you are likely to “get a rope” immediately. If you belong to the Jewish community, you end up in the transport (as the fascist commander said: “To labor camps, where food, accommodation and clothing are provided”)… And if you are Tono Brtko (Jozef Kroner), who was all in all a “good person” you can loose too, in fact the fate could be such that you loose more than anyone else…

I wish people from the Delnicka mladez (workers youth), who are newly established National-Socialistic movement, did watch this movie. I also swear that if anyone from fascist, national socialistic or communist party ever knocks on my door to discuss politics or membership in their party, I’ll release my hounds.

Obchod na korze (1965)

Pokud jde o kulturu, je hrozně těžké přijímat hodnotové soudy. Co je subjektivnějšího, než kultura? Ochod na korze jsem chvíli chtěl otitulovat jako nejlepší československý film všech dob. Jedno je jisté, byl to náš první film, který získal Oskara.
Nechci sáhodlouze popisovat děj filmu, chci Vás přesvědčit, abyste se na film podívali sami.
Děj se odehrává v roce 1942 v mladém fašistické Slovenském Štátě. Doba a prostředí jsou vykresleny velmi realisticky tedy hořce… Hlavní postavy buď pochodují ulicemi a zdraví se zvednutou pravicí (Na Stráž). Vidět takovou míru fanaticismu Vás nutí přemýšlet. Změnili se lidé za posledních šedesát let? Spíš ne, nemusíme se dívat na Sudán a Rwandu, stačí třeba válka v bývalé Jugoslávii.
Druhou skupinu postav tvoří odpůrci režimu, v tomto případě ti, jež pomáhali židovské komunitě. Přál bych si, aby se v dnešní době takových našlo více. Ve filmu je jen jeden.
Kategorií sám pro sebe je Tono Brtko (geniální Jozef Kroner). Člověk režim nenávidící, ale moc rezignovaný, hloupý nebo líný k tomu aby proti fašistům aktivně bojoval.
Poslední skupinou jsou samozřejmě židé reprezentováni především starou židovkou Lautmannovou (Ida Kaminská), mezi kterou a Brtkem se vyvíjí silné pouto.

Tragédie filmu leží v absolutní bezvýchodnosti pro všechny zúčastněné. Fašisté jsou odsouzeníhodní jako takoví, navíc za tři roky přišla Rudá armáda… Ti, jež pomáhali židovskému obyvatelstvu jistě zaslouží obdiv, odměnou jim ale byl provaz. Vyhlídky pro židy byly, jak všichni víme děsivé…
Poslední je Tono Brtko, sám o sobě dobrý člověk, jenž je během událostí a svou slabostí dohnán k větší prohře, než kdokoliv jiný…

Přál bych si, aby tento film zhlédli sympatizanti Dělnické mládeže, nové nacionálně-socialistické organizace působící v naší zemi. Zároveň bych chtěl říci, že až my někdo od fašistů, nacionálních-socialistů nebo komunistů zaklepe na dveře, vypustím psy.

Greenspan: FED not Guilty, Me: not so sure Alan (CZ verze prilozena)

Saturday, March 21st, 2009

fed-a-arm
There was an interesting article by Alan Greenspan in last Thursday’s Wall Street Journal (“The Fed Didn’t Cause the Housing Bubble”, WSJ 12/3/09).
As the title hints, he is essentially saying “The housing bubble was not my fault, FED is the best”. I have to admit the article is really well written and he makes really convincing case. I will briefly sum up the article and then discuss at what I consider to be the weak link in Greenspan’s explanation.

Greenspan’s opening argument against the “It’s FED’s fault hypothesis” is that price of houses is determined by the interest rate on mortgages (the lower rate, the more people want to buy, the more prices of houses rise), rather than by the short rate set by fed. Fair enough, why should rate, at which banks borrow money from the FED for one day, influence price of houses that is purchase you can be repaying for thirty years …

What is a bit puzzling is that in the next paragraph he notes, that between 1971 and 2002 the FED rate and mortgage rate moved closely together. That essentially means, in that period, mortgages and through them price of houses were influenced by FED rate (that seems to contradict his opening statement)… He goes on claiming, that between 2002 and 2005 the co movement disappeared and so the low FED rates did not influence price of mortgages and thus did not add to the housing bubble.
There is one crucial aspect he forgot or suppressed. Throughout the whole article, he is talking about fixed mortgages. That is contract with fixed interest rate for the whole period of the mortgage. These are however not the only mortgage product available on the market. We have also Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARM’s) that is mortgages with annually adjustable interest rate. If we look at ARM’s in the 2002 to 2005 period we can see that they respond more to the FED rate than the fixed mortgages that is natural. Price dropped from above 7 percent in 2000 to bellow 4 percent in 2004, which is circa 40 % difference. I believe people are in general prone to bargains like this and won’t realize that they might be paying significantly more in a few years time. The effect of FED could thus go through ARM’s rather than through conventional fixed rate mortgages.

To conclude, low interest rates of FED did mildly contribute to the decline in the prices of fixed rate mortgages and significantly to the decline in the “one year” price of ARM’s. The lower price of ARM’s did result in significant increase in its popularity from 11 % market share in 1998 to 33 % market share in 2004. As both products are substitutes only part of the increase can be attributed to customers that got mortgage only because “it was so cheap right now”, these extra mortgages then did feed the housing bubble. I believe FED did contribute to the housing bubble through the effect on ARM’s, how much is a question.

Česká verze

Před nedávnem vyšel ve Wall Street Journal zajímavý článek bývalého guvernéra FEDu Alana Greenaspana (“The Fed Didn’t Cause the Housing Bubble”, WSJ 12/3/09). Jak název napovídá, Greenspan v článku odmítá podíl FEDu a tím sebe samého na bublině na americkém trhu s nemovitostmi.Článkem Vás krátce provedu a vypíchnu některé nesrovnalosti.

Greenspan svou obranu zahajuje na první pohled smysluplným argumentem. Tvrdí, že krátkodobé úroky, za které FED půjčuje peníze bankám nevysvětlují růst cen na americkém realitním trhu. Ten je daleko lépe vysvětlen cenou hypoték, tedy jejich úrokovou mírou. Dejme tomu, že tenhle argument dává smysl, proč by měla Overnight interest rate Fedu nějak ovlivňovat realitní trh? Na první pohled s ním nemá absolutně nic společného, ale…

Hned v dalším odstavci Greenspan píše, že mezi lety 1971 až 2002 se krátkodobá úroková míra FEDu a úroková míra hypoték pohybovaly dohromady. To znamená, že v tomto období svými úrokovými mírami FED ovlivňoval ceny hypoték a tím ceny realit. Levné peníze a očekávání levných peněz od FEDu zkrátka v kompetitivním bankovníctví vedly k poklesu ceny produktu v našem případě hypoték. Potom ale úvodní argument nedává smysl…

Po roce 2002, tedy v období kdy vznikala bublina na realitním trhu se korelace mezi krátkodobou úrokovou mírou a úrokovou mírou hypoték měla ztratit (viz. přiložený graf).

Greenspan ve svém článku ale zapomíná (nebo zamlčuje) zásadní aspekt. Všechny své vývody staví na Hypotékách s fixovanou úrokovou mírou. Ty však nejsou jediným produktem na trhu. Existují také Hypotéky s upravitelnou úrokovou mírou (ARM Adjustable Rate Mortgages), právě při porovnání ceny (úrokové míry) ARM s úrokovou mírou FED zjišťujeme výrazný společný pohyb obou ukazatelů. Cena ARM spadla ze 7% v roce 2000 na 4 % v roce 2004. Myslím, že lidé si obecně neuvědomují rizika spojené s produkty jako ARM a 4% úroku (který může velmi snadno vyletět) těžko odolávají. To vidíme i na datech, podíl ARM na trhu vzrostl z 11 % v roce 1998 na 33 % v roce 2004. Jelikož jsou ARM a tradiční hypotéky substituty, můžeme přičíst pouze část tohoto nárůstu přilákání nových zákazníků. Kolik těchto “nových zákazníků“ bylo a do jaké míry FED skutečně přiživil bublinu na hypotéčním trhu zůstává otázkou, že ji přiživil, je bez diskuze..

AIG and Market Expectations

Monday, March 16th, 2009

aig1I know AIG is not the hottest topic anymore, but I’ve still decided to point out one neat thing. On the graph above, share price of AIG is plotted. Point A (the big red “A” on the graph) marks day when the loss for the 4th quarter of 2008 was announced (2nd of March). The announcement was followed by pledge of extra 30 billion of help by the government.

The funny thing is that the share price did not change after either of the two announcements. I mean if company announces largest loss in the US history, one would expect its shares to fall. If later government pledges extra 30 billion of help, one would expect the shares to rise. But we don’t see any movement. To me that means two things. The market was expecting the 60 billion loss, that’s good. The market was also expecting the extra 30 billion bail out, that’s bad.

Since they’ve started bailing out everyone (banks, insurance companies, car makers, the guy that lost his wallet when he got drunk yesterday) like crazy, than letting Lehman fail was probably the worst decision one could make.

What went wrong Jeff?

Monday, March 16th, 2009

Jeff

Last year, Jeff learned about derivatives, this year he traded 200 million worth of them.(see the image :-) )

In past five quarters Citi made total of 90 billion in losses and write offs. Its share price plunged bellow 1 dollar (0,97 5th of March) from 27.35 52-week high.

I guess all those Jeffs should have gone through better training. Maybe then Citigroup would not need to shed off 52 000 employees in 2008 and get 45 billion in governmental help.

Friendship = Money

Thursday, March 12th, 2009

Interesting paper from the “frekonomics” domain came out last month. The authors are looking at how number of your friends at a high school affects your income 35 years later.

They used survey, in which respondents were ask to name up to three closest friends. The number of times your name was listed, the number of friends you have (It’s a bit cruel. If you list someone it doesn’t necessarily mean that “you have a friend”).

Then they use some fancy ML approach, which I hope to understand at the end of this semester and after controlling for bunch of variables conclude, that each extra close friend accounts for 2% extra income 35 years later. That is equal to affect on wage of 5 months of extra education. Not bad…

Along the way, they note a number of interesting facts. More intelligent people are likely to list more people as their friends and also to be more often listed. This could be driven by two reasons. They’re more popular, because they’re more interesting as friends. Or they’re more aware of importance of social interaction.
Maybe a bit surprisingly belonging to wealthier family does not make you more popular (it makes you better educated though).

They conclude, that the impact of number of friends on your wage could go through two channels. You are earning more, because you have good social skills, for which you are getting wage premium. Or, you are earning more, because you have network of friends who can “do you a favor” (The Godfather style).

I just think, that the 2% affect is very US specific. I can very easily imagine that if same research was conducted for instance in Sicily, the importance of “having friends” would be much higher. Also good social skills are probably not as important for Somali farmers as for US consultants. I am also almost positive, that at normal (Czech) high school number of friends would not be positively affected by your intelligence. Good grades were punished rather than admired.
I think it would be also very nice to look, how genetic propositions affect your ability to socially interact. It would be a topic for a whole different paper though.

The paper can be found here: Popularity

Hey Everyone

Monday, March 9th, 2009

Hey Everyone,

I’ve read once that blogs are like an ass, everyone has got one… So here is mine (blog).

I hope, you’ll enjoy reading it and maybe find some usefull information here. As I’ve said in the  About section , I intend to share things I’ve read and find interesting. I also hope to add some value to them, rather than just pass them on.  My inspiration is Mankiw’s blog   As you probably know, he is  unlike me professor at Harvard, so it might take some time before I reach the quality of his blog. I promise I’ll try…